This G-Code saved a life: A Lifetime FDM 3D Printing Challenge
The Call
July 16, 2019, Elida Hermida director of Lab3bio, a laboratory of the Universidad Nacional de San Martin, received a call.
From that moment on, we had 2 weeks to save the life of Valentino, a paediatric patient that needs to overcome respiratory arrest due to a severe and life-threatening case of bronchomalacia.
Surgeon Gaston Belia Munzón had just participated in a medical congress held in Rome, where he learned about a surgery performed in 2013 at the University of Michigan teaching hospital on a pediatric patient whose case was similar to Valentino's.
At that university, a biodegradable exoskeleton in the shape of a roll that facilitated air entry and exit had been placed in the baby's bronchus. It was the only known surgical antecedent in similar cases.
That same day, I received a call from Dr. Beatriz Araoz, researcher of this same laboratory, asking me if I still had with me and in operation one of the printers that at that time, were the latest in existence and quality, an FDM Prusa Research i3 MK2. It was brought by me on a vacation totally disassembled in a suitcase from the Czech Republic.
Immediately i joined the team.
The Challenge: $300,000 to $1,000, SLS to FDM, an extreme cost and technology difference
In the Latin American context, the initially developed technique is totally inapplicable due to the high cost of printing equipment, maintenance and repair, the free importation of parts and materials, as well as the qualified personnel for its operation and continuous functioning.
Instead of SLS (SLS EOS P 100 Formiga system) we used a commercial FDM printer from Prusa Research, model i3 MK2. The cost ratio was to lower the requirement from $300.000 to only $1.000, a brutal difference that implied to develop in record time all the modifications in the FDM printer to be able to print in the required material and also to meet all the requirements and mechanical needs of the implantable part, to make it viable and save Valentino's life.
This is a significant and cost-effective technique that makes this development applicable in developing countries where more sophisticated and expensive equipment, such as the SLS, is not accessible.
The printer's firmware was fully modified, parts were replaced with new, clean parts, and its operation and configuration had to be highly developed and engineered to be compatible with medical grade polycaprolactone filament printing. At the same time it was set up so that all its operation and control occurred within a laminar flow, which provided a clean, contamination-free space to manufacture the implantable part.
Open Access Paper: Full project and techniques made available to everyone
"Advantages of FDM and gamma irradiation to manufacture personalized medical devices for airway obstructions" was published at Frontiers. This paper sums up all the knowledge acquired combining 3D printing with biomaterials and gamma irradiation to help similar cases.
Additionally, it was published under Creative Commons Open Access to guarantee that everyone can read it, allowing this knowledge and use case of FDM be useful as a model case for other medical cases in developing countries where costs of manufacturing techniques have a life or death impact on treatments.
Also, this allows to open discussions regarding medical regulations for this type of FDM devices and procedures as a great positive impact on its accessibility and massiveness.
Open Access Paper
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